Pantheon
VRA Core
Title
Pantheon
Santa Maria ad Martyres
Agent
unknown Ancient Roman, for Hadrian, Emperor of Rome (Roman emperor, 76-138 CE)
Location
Rome, Roma, Italy
Piazza della Rotonda, 00186 Roma RM, Italy
41°53'55.0"N 12°28'36.6"E
Date
begun in 27 BCE, completely rebuilt 118/119-125/128
1st Century BCE
2nd Century
Style Period
Ancient Roman
Cultural Context
Italian
Worktype
temple
Material
stone
brick
concrete
aggregate
Subject
architecture and city planning
columns
pediment
scripture
Description
exterior view
detail view of entrance portico
The Pantheon was dedicated to the seven planetary gods in 128 CE. It was consecrated as a church in the early seventh century. It is the major surviving example of Roman concrete vaulted architecture. It is composed of a domed rotunda attached to a columned entrance portico. Now free-standing, it was originally the focal point of a long, porticoed forecourt.
Commissioned by Marcus Agrippa (that building destroyed, but referenced in the inscription), and completely rebuilt by Emperor Hadrian ca. 118-125 CE. The building is circular with a portico of large granite Corinthian columns (eight in the first rank and two groups of four behind) under a pediment. A rectangular vestibule links the porch to the rotunda, which is under a coffered, concrete dome, with a central opening (oculus of 8.15 m diameter) to the sky. Almost two thousand years after it was built, the Pantheon's dome is still the world's largest unreinforced concrete dome. The height to the oculus and the diameter of the interior circle are the same, 43.3 meters (142 ft). It is one of the best preserved of all Roman buildings. It has been in continuous use throughout its history, and since 609, the Pantheon has been used as a Roman Catholic church dedicated to St. Mary and the Martyrs (Santa Maria ad Martyres) but informally known as "Santa Maria Rotonda."
Inscription
M•AGRIPPA•L•F•COS•TERTIVM•FECIT (Marcus Agrippa, son of Lucius, made this building when consul for the third time)
Rights
© Michael Peters
© Texas Tech University Libraries
Users must request permission from the copyright holder for all use in publications, including theses and dissertations.
ID
Peters04382
Source
Michael Peters
Collection
Citation
Pantheon, begun in 27 BCE, completely rebuilt 118/119-125/128, Rome, Roma, Italy, TTU Arch Design Images. Image Source: Michael Peters. https://archimage.lib.ttu.edu/items/show/14404.
Item Relations
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